悬艾叶菖蒲
民谚说:“清明插柳,端午插艾”。在端午节,人们把插艾和菖蒲作为重要内容之一。家家都洒扫庭除,以菖蒲、艾条插于门眉,悬于堂中。并用菖蒲、艾叶、榴花、蒜头、龙船花,制成人形或虎形,称为艾人、艾虎;制成花环、佩饰,美丽芬芳,妇人争相佩戴,用以驱瘴。
艾,又名家艾、艾蒿。它的茎、叶都含有挥发性芳香油。它所产生的奇特芳香,可驱蚊蝇、虫蚁,净化空气。中医学上以艾入药,有理气血、暖子宫、祛寒湿的功能。将艾叶加工成“艾绒”,是灸法治病的重要药材。
菖蒲是多年生水生草本植物,它狭长的叶片也含有挥发性芳香油,是提神通窍、健骨消滞、杀虫灭菌的药物。
可见,古人插艾和菖蒲是有一定防病作用的。端午节也是自古相传的“卫生节”,人们在这一天洒扫庭院,挂艾枝,悬菖蒲,洒雄黄水,饮雄黄酒,激浊除腐,杀菌防病。这些活动也反映了中华民族的优良传统。端午节上山采药,则是我国各国个民族共同的习俗。
挂艾叶菖蒲:以艾叶悬于堂中,剪艾力虎形或剪彩为小虎,贴以艾叶,妇人争相戴之,以僻邪驱瘴。用菖蒲作剑,插于门榻, 有驱魔法鬼之神效。 在端阳节,家家都以菖蒲、 艾叶、 榴花、 蒜头、龙船花,制成人形称为艾人。 食菖蒲可以成仙,可以长生, 汉武帝欲求长主之术,曾吃菖蒲两年。
To the Chinese the fifth lunar moon is more than just the Dragon Boat Festival. Since antiquity(古代), they have believed that this month is a pestilential and danger-fraught(瘟疫的及充满危险的) period. Children born in this month are said to be difficult to raise(抚养), and people tend to concentrate their efforts during this time attempting to protect their families from ills and misfortune. The day of the Dragon Boat Festival is customarily the time when cleaning and sanitation(卫生) are stressed(着重, 强调). Most families hang calamus(菖蒲) and artemisia(艾草) above their doors, both as a decoration and as a preventive against pestilence.